Technical Documents

This section brings together all technical documents prepared, with links directing to the specific content related to each subject.

When applicable, calculation spreadsheets are available.

Definition of rated voltages for low-voltage AC systems, their variations and implications for control and protection systems.

Calculation of three-phase short circuit currents using the MVA method, in a simple and fast manner, without the need for formula memorization.

 Definition of concepts and un example for the calculation of power ratings of transformers and emergency diesel generator sets. 

This technical document presents the study of the operating conditions of power transformers supplying a load or a set of loads, with the objective of calculating the voltage at the transformer secondary terminals.

The document develops the electrical model of the transformer and analyzes the influence of primary winding tap positions, transformer impedance, and the characteristics of the supplied loads. Different types of loads commonly found in electrical systems are considered, including constant power loads, variable power loads, and motor starting conditions.

The calculation method is presented in a detailed manner, with a step-by-step development of the equations, allowing full traceability of the adopted reasoning and assumptions. The mathematical treatment makes use of complex numbers in trigonometric and polar form and is intended for professionals with a background in electrical engineering and power systems.

The associated spreadsheets were developed directly from the theory presented in this document and allow the practical application of the calculations for different voltage levels, rated powers, transformer tap settings, and load configurations.

Note

The technical documents and spreadsheets made available constitute consolidated reference material, reflecting the methodology and results developed by the author. The content remains closed to changes in this context.

Transient Reactance

Calculation of the transient reactance of the alternator in diesel generator sets, based on the required nominal power, to obtain a defined voltage at its terminals under different load conditions.

Terminal Voltage

Calculation of the alternator terminal voltage based on equipment data and load characteristics considered, for any load combinations.

Definition of criteria for the selection and sizing of load feeders, cable types and their characteristics. 

Voltage at Load

Calculation of load voltages based on load data, feeder characteristics and source voltage.

Voltage at Source

Calculation of the voltage required at the source based on load data, feeder characteristics and desired voltage at the load.

This content presents the calculation of generation voltage in hydroelectric power plants, allowing the determination of generation voltage values of the generating units based on the electrical conditions of the generation system and the high‑voltage substation.

The method considers, in an integrated manner, the high‑voltage substation data, the electrical characteristics of the step‑up transformers, and the power supplied by the generating units of the powerhouse, being applicable to steady‑state studies, operational limit verification, and analysis of voltage behavior in the electric power system.

Relevant information on direct current systems applied to hydroelectric power plants.

Technical paper with examples of application of the documents made available on the website.